In November, my colleague Fred Coulter, PhD, made a presentation to the Ohio Center for Autism and Low Incidence (OCALI) conference about how he is using the Fennell Four Phase Model (FFPM) with his clients with autism. Fred is an associate professor at Defiance College in Defiance, Ohio, and he and I have been collaborating for several years. Here is his account of the meeting. — Patricia
I was very excited to present my work with Patricia Fennell in November at the Ohio Center for Autism and Low Incidence (OCALI) annual conference. The first part of the 75-minute presentation was an overview of the Fennell Four-Phase Model, while the second part was a discussion of how I apply the model when working with families whose children and adolescents have autism. My work is done through the Hench Autism Studies Program at Defiance College in northwest Ohio.
How FFPM Relates to the Autism Experience
The capacity-filled room, with over 50 people, was a mixture of professionals, educators, and family members. It was the family members who seemed to connect the most with Patricia’s model, especially Phase 3, Resolution, which is to make meaning of their situation. I say this because as I explained the “dark night of the soul,” numerous parents nodded their heads in agreement with what I was saying — that at some point a family has to come to grips with their situation and decide what they are going to do about it. After making their decision, then they can move into Phase 4, Integration, making the meaning a part of their lives.
Next, I talked about how I work with families to help them and their adolescent children make the transition to adulthood. As an introduction to the application of the treatment model, I used a story written by Emily Kingsley titled, “Welcome to Holland.” Her story uses the analogy that pregnancy and childbirth is like preparing for an overseas trip to Rome. The problem was that when she gave birth to a child with Down syndrome, she equated it to the plane unexpectedly landing in Holland (analogous to Phase 1, Crisis). She goes on to explain her shock at what she thought was a terrible mistake. Nevertheless, over time she has come to appreciate what Holland has to offer (Phase 4). To me, this story illustrates how Emily had moved through the Fennell Four-Phase Model (FFPM).
Application of FFPM at Defiance College
Then I explained how FFPM is being applied to a classroom on the Defiance College campus that is administered in partnership with the Defiance City Schools. At this time, there are five adolescent men in the program, which uses the college campus as a setting for them to learn independent living skills. The goal is to prepare them for when they will age out of special education services when they turn 22 years old. As I work with the young men’s families, I realize that they have to make meaning of what their adolescents are capable of doing work-wise and how much autonomy they can handle. The “dark night of the soul” for some of the families is having to recognize that their children are chronologically becoming adults and need to reach their potential in the social and communication skills needed for functioning in society. Also, families start to face the fact that parents will not always be there to protect and care for their children and that they need to plan for the future.
Using the Fennell Four Phase Treatment model, I can help families go back to Phase 2, Stabilization, and collect information about programs in order to set goals for their children and themselves. Through a parent group, they can share their stories and be encouraged by other parents who have gone through the transition to adulthood. Finally, they can reframe how they see their future and integrate their plan into their lives.
The presentation was well received and many people talked with me after it was over about how the Fennell Four-Phase Model could be applied to their lives. I have learned so much from presenting with Patricia about how to help families systematically work through the daunting task of raising their children with autism so that they can be empowered to have their children reach their full potential when become young adults.
Dr. Fred Coulter is an associate professor at Defiance College in Defiance, Ohio. In addition to his faculty responsibilities, he is the Parent Partnership Coordinator for the Hench Autism Studies Program. He can be reached at autism@defiance.edu.